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陆战队 ILBE 背包想必各位都已经早已耳熟能详。它诞生于全球反恐战争(Global War on Terrorism)期间陆战队的需求。由于高强度行军作战,造成 MOLLE II 主包背架在陆战队员手中产生了高达15%的损坏率,此外还有系统过于复杂难以使用以及长时间背负造成肌肉疲劳甚至损伤等问题。为了解决这些问题,陆战队在2002年开始面向全军和社会征集新的背包装备,以替换当前正在使用的 MOLLE II 主包、支持包和水袋包。新背包最终于2003年正式定型并配发,一直使用到2011年被 FILBE,或者说“USMC Pack”所替代。
以上这段历史各位都已经很熟悉了,在几年前的博文中有详细介绍,这里就不再赘述了。本文要介绍的是当时和ILBE并行的陆战队装具项目:Assault Load Carrier(ALC)。
M67854-02-R-3139:Specialty Defense Systems MACE
2002年陆战队寻求MOLLE II背包的替代品、提出了“ILBE”这个概念。在ILBE招标之初就定下了以成熟商业产品为原型的基调,以求减少设计、测试和生产成本。需求编号为M67854-02-R-3139。这份需求的核心部分如下:
Our goal is to use proven commercial systems to maximize the mobility and survivability of the individual Marine. The need for an improved system has resulted from events encountered during Operation Enduring Freedom whereby deficiencies with the current load bearing equipment were identified. The United States Marine Corps is seeking a commercial system that provides enhanced reliability, durability, wearability, and maintainability. The Marine Corps is looking for a system or design which is readily producible, simple and functional, easily integrated with current body armor and current or contractor proposed fighting load carrying systems. The proposed commercial system must provide Marines with quantifiable improvements in overall system capabilities when compared to the current fielded load bearing system to include reduced system weight, improved comfort of wear, and reduced system complexity.
我们的目标是使用经过验证的商业产品系统最大化提陆战队员的升机动性和生存能力。对改进系统的需求源于“持久自由行动”期间遇到的问题,当前背负系统已暴露出的缺陷。海军陆战队正在寻求一种能够提升可靠性、耐用性、耐磨性和可维护性的商业产品。该产品应易于生产、简单实用、易于与当前防弹衣和当前或承包商提议的战斗携行具系统集成的系统或设计。与目前已配发的背负系统相比,拟议的商业产品必须为海军陆战队提供整体系统能力的可量化改进,包括减少系统重量、提高穿戴舒适度和降低系统复杂性。
这份需求不仅提到了背负系统(背包),还提到了如果有可能的话,装具也可以一并替换。这份需求可能是这一波陆战队替换装具的需求的起始。但需求中并未明确提及背包和装具的具体功能性能指标,甚至还没有提出“ILBE”这个名字,此时还处于调研阶段。值得注意的是,这份需求中尚未明确提出“ALC”这个概念。
作为原MOLLE II的生产商和设计者,Speciality Defense Systems(SDS)并没有坐看自己丢失陆战队的合同,而是针对这份需求提供了自己的样品。SDS选择了背包+装具的全套替换的方案,提交的样品不仅包括背包,还包括与之配套的装具背心和附包。根据目前留存的图片资料,SDS提供的装具系统命名为“MACE”,推测可能是“Marine Assault Carrying Equipment”的缩写。不过虽然在军方的需求文档里没有提到,但SDS的样品标签上已经提到“ILBE”这个名字。
不过显然地,SDS的方案没有被采纳,实物目前仅有一些照片资料留存。
M67854-03-R-3093:Assault Load Carrier
2003年3月14日,陆战队发布了一则详细的装具需求。这份需求文档正式提出了“Assault Load Carrier”这个名字。不过这份需求文档没有提出具体到数值的量化指标,只有“性能指标优于MOLLE II FLC”的总目标,详细需求如下:
- 系统性能要求:
- 简单、实用、耐用、轻便
- 兼容始祖鸟和格里高利两家的ILBE背包产品;
- 不会和主包或者突击包发生干扰;
- 可集成(至少)100盎司容量饮管水袋;
- 不会干扰OTV防弹背心。
- 保障和维护性要求:
- 每年可提供不少于总数量10%的备件;
- 易于维护和维修。
- 最低性能要求:
- 可适配5%的女性陆战队员和95%的男性陆战队员;
- 必须兼容目前陆战队已配发装具的“交错编织挂载系统”(interlocking weave attachment system,也就是PALS);
- 必须具备和MCCUU作战服相同的降低红外反射特征的技术。
- 最低功能要求:ALC被分为基础系统(Base System)、步枪手子系统(Rifleman variant)、榴弹手子系统(Grenadier variant)、SAW机枪手子系统(SAW Gunner variant)和手枪携行子系统(Pistol variant),每个子系统应基于基础系统而非单独的系统。基础系统和各个子系统的构成和携行能力需求如下:
- 基础系统:包括背心、三个破片手雷包和两个烟雾弹包,并且可以装入饮管水袋;
- 子系统:
- 步枪手子系统:应可携带6个M16A2步枪弹匣;
- 榴弹手子系统:应可携带6个M16A2步枪弹匣、2枚40mm高爆榴弹和4枚40mm信号/照明弹;
- SAW机枪手子系统:应可携带6个M16A2步枪弹匣和4个200发SAW弹鼓;
- 手枪携行子系统:应可携带M-9制式手枪和2个M-9弹匣。
- 最少交付数量:
- 用于测试和评估(在2003年8月4日前提供):
- 基础系统150套
- 步枪手子系统69套
- 榴弹手子系统27套
- SAW机枪手子系统27套
- 手枪携行子系统27套
- 用于配发(在2004年1月7日前交付,需要符合贝利修正案)
- 基础系统50000套
- 步枪手子系统:丛林迷彩35725套,沙漠迷彩7515套
- 榴弹手子系统:丛林迷彩4000套,沙漠迷彩400套
- SAW机枪手子系统:丛林迷彩4000套,沙漠迷彩315套
- 手枪携行子系统:丛林迷彩6275套,沙漠迷彩3150套
- 水壶包50000个
- 用于测试和评估(在2003年8月4日前提供):
System Performance Objectives:
- Simple, functional, durable and lightweight
- Design(s) should be compatible with the Improved Load Bearing Equipment (ILBE) pack systems proposed by ILBE candidates Bianchi International and Propper International
- No interference with the placement of the main or assault packs
- Able to integrate 100 oz. (minimum) tubular hydration system
- No interference with the wearing of the Outer Tactical Vest (OTV)
Supportability and Repair Objectives:
- Capable of providing spare and/or repair components in quantities sufficient to support the number of systems fielded. (Estimated quantities at 10% of total systems fielded per year)
- Capable of being easily maintained and repaired
Minimum System Requirements:
- Must be capable of being properly worn by a female in the 5th percentile and a male in the 95th percentile
- Must incorporate interlocking weave attachment system to allow for integration with existing USMC equipment
- Must incorporate infrared reduction technology to the same extent as the Marine Corps Utility Uniform
Minimum System Characteristics:
- Base System: The base system shall consist of the harness, (3) fragmentation grenade pouches, (2) smoke grenade pouches and have the ability to integrate a tubular hydration system (submission of a tubular hydration system is not being requested)
- Variants: Variants shall be subcomponents of the base system; not stand alone systems
- Rifleman variant shall have the ability to carry (6) M16A2 magazines
- Grenadier variant shall have the ability to carry (6) M16A2 magazines and (12) 40mm HE rounds (to include (4) illumination rounds)
- SAW Gunner variant shall have the ability to carry (6) M16A2 magazines and (4) M249 200 round drums
- Pistol variant shall have the ability to carry an M-9 service pistol and 2 M-9 service pistol magazines (a holster (shoulder, hip or thigh) for the M-9 service pistol is required)
Minimum Delivery Requirements:
- Capable of delivering test units (150 Base systems, 69 of the Rifleman variant, 27 of the Grenadier variant, 27 of the SAW Gunner variant and 27 of the Pistol Bearer variant) by August 4, 2003
- Capable of full rate production (50,000 Base systems, 35,725 of the Rifleman Woodland variant, 7,510 of the Rifleman Desert variant, 4,000 of the Grenadier Woodland variant, 400 of the Grenadier Woodland Desert variant, 4,000 of the SAW Gunner Woodland variant, 315 of the Gunner Desert variant, 6,275 of the Pistol Bearer Woodland variant, 3,150 of the Pistol Bearer Desert variant and 50,000 canteen pouches by January 7, 2004) with products that are compliant with the Berry Amendment (DFARS 252.225-7012)
该招标项目的流程如下:
供应商首先要提供生产演示样品(Product Demonstration Samples, PDS):基础系统3套、各种子系统每种2套以及2个水壶包。这些生产演示样品将提交给海军陆战队用于技术方案评和产品初步评估。而后将选出其中两家产品,每家订购最多150套系统和子系统,用于实战用户评估(Field User Evaluations, FEU)和实验室测试,用以验证其技术性能。期间陆战队会跟进评估和测试结果,分析各厂商产品的能力。评估和测试结束后将决定订购数量和价格,配发陆战队步兵。如果决定要为特种任务(如侦查和特种作战等)准备专门的ALC系统,可采用多于一家生产商的产品。
After an initial evaluation of technical proposals and product demonstration samples (PDS), the Marine Corps will select up to two candidates, award them Indefinite Delivery/Indefinite Quantity (ID/IQ) contracts and order up to 150 ALC base systems and variants from each contract. These test articles will undergo Field User Evaluations (FUE) and laboratory testing in order to validate technical capabilities. The Marine Corps will monitor the FUE and test results over a brief test period to analyze the capabilities of each ALC. Firm fixed price ID/IQ production options will then be exercised with successful contractors, those ultimately providing an ALC representing the best value to the Government. More than one contractor may be continued into full production if it is determined during the source selection process that a separate ALC is needed to fulfill a special mission profile (i.e. Recon, Special Operations, etc.). One ALC system to serve the needs of the infantry Marines is desired.
Product Demonstration Samples: – Offerors are required to submit three (3) ALC base system product demonstration samples, three (3) samples of each variant (Rifleman, Grenadier, SAW Gunner and Pistol Bearer) and two (2) canteen pouches as part of their proposal submission. These samples will be evaluated in order to validate technical capabilities. The evaluation may end in destruction of the product. All remaining samples will be returned to the offeror at the end of the source selection process.
ALC最后并未获得批量生产和列装,截至目前也未能找到公开的关于ALC的官方报告,仅能从现在发现的实物推测应标的厂商。
MACK System
本站唯一收录实物的版本。目前已经收集到的实物包括胸挂背心和水袋背包两件,标签内容提到“PDS”,证明这件装具是需求书里提到的生产演示样品(Product Demonstration Samples, PDS)。这套装具的生产商 SAVANNAH LUGGAGE WORKS 本身的业务是旅行箱包生产,同时也承接战术装备代工,例如OTV、ELCS等。标签中的“MACK System”疑似为应标厂商名,但在2003年,只有一家同名的生产电脑配件和提供计算机组装维修服务的公司。以及,目前也没有任何和这套样品相关的配套附包的信息。

Specialty Defense Systems
SDS不仅参与了ALC之前的需求招标,似乎也参与了在那之后的ALC招标。SDS公司的样品看上去就像是MOLLE II FLC的翻版:背心和附包款式看上去和MOLLE II同款并无区别,仅仅是颜色改为陆战队丛林MARPAT数码迷彩。
SDS的样品包括:
物品 | 件数 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
承载背心 | 1 | MOLLE II 无拉链早期版本款式,在肩垫内侧增设了提升舒适度的衬垫 |
步枪弹匣包 | 3 | RACK款式 |
手雷包 | 3 | MOLLE/MOLLE II款式 |
闪光/烟雾弹包 | 2 | FSBE款式 |
水壶/杂物包 | 2 | MOLLE/MOLLE II款式 |
手枪腿板 | 1 | MOLLE/MOLLE II款式 |





Safariland Ltd., Inc
Safariland(Safariland LTD., Inc)也参与了ALC招标,提供的样品为狼棕色。其主要携行具,也就是背心,结构类似SPEAR BALCS ELCS的承载背心,躯干正面的承载面分为左右两部分,通过插扣连接。而背面则分为肩垫-背板(Yoke)和后腰承载面板两部分,背板主体部分是外部有MOLLE织带的网格面料口袋,顶部有拉链,可装入水袋。从实物来看,配套的附包大多沿用SPEAR BALCS ELCS款式,唯独手雷包比较特别,采用了LC-1弹匣包侧面携带手雷的结构而非传统的带盖子的附包。通过资料和照片搜集,目前可确定的实物如下:
物品 | 商品号 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
Load-Bearing Panel (Left & Right) | S-ALCPANEL | 背心左右面板 |
Shoulder Pad Assembly | S-ALCYOKE | 背心肩带和背板 |
Belt | S-ALCBELT | 背心后腰面板和腰带 |
Pouch, M-16 Ammo (3 Mag) w/ Frag & Multipurpose Grenade, Left | S-ALCM4L | 三个装M-16弹匣包,带破片手雷和烟雾/闪光弹包,左手侧 |
Pouch, M-16 Ammo (3 Mag) w/ Frag & Multipurpose Grenade, Right | S-ALCM4R | 三个装M-16弹匣包,带破片手雷和烟雾/闪光弹包,右手侧 |
Pouch, Magazine, M-249, 200RD, Drum | S-ALC249 | M-249 200发弹链箱包 |
Pouch, Grenade, Fragmentation | S-ALCFR1 | 单个手雷包 |
Pouch, 40mm, HE, Quad | S-ALCHE4 | 四联40mm高爆榴弹包 |





Paraclete Armor
Paraclete Armor(圣灵)同样参与了ALC竞标。不过目前能查到的实物只有背心本体。

Propper
作为ILBE最后中标的供应商,Propper公司也参与了ALC竞标,甚至进入了第二轮评测(试验品交付合同号:M67854-05-D-3003)。Propper公司的样品不仅包括背心和各类弹药附包,还有一套腿挂面板,提升了携行容量。然而值得注意的是虽然目前无法查到具体的交付日期,但在2005年陆战队已经采购了CB色MOLLE II装具。




结论
目前尚未找到海军陆战队官方关于ALC项目的报告或者结论性文档,包括已经进入第二轮评测的Propper在内,也没有找到任何参与项目的各方厂商关于该项目的相关信息。从事后来看,陆战队ALC项目显然没有达成目的,所有参与投标的产品最终都未能获得量产和列装。在那之后,陆战队从2005年开始换装了CB色的MOLLE II装具,包括:
参考资料:
- https://sam.gov/opp/21e046d7f295cea21378d90c894fa4fc/view
- http://www.marcorsyscom.usmc.mil/sites/ctq/alc.asp